Lecture 31 Subordination 语法教程 课堂.ppt

Chapter 31 Subordination (I) Teaching contents 1. Coordination and subordination 2.Subordinate clauses (finite) Nominal clauses Relative clauses Adverbial clauses 3. Some few notes on adverbial clauses 并列和从属是两种不同的连接手段。 eg. The rain stopped. The sun came out. → The rain stopped and the sun came out. → When the rain stopped, the sun came out. 从句 主句 从属：把次要思想置于结构上的从属地位，从而 突出句子的主要思想。 1. Coordination and subordination Subordinators 从属连词 ? Subordinate clauses are generally introduced by subordinators , which, in terms of word formation 构词法 , can be classified into. ? simple subordinators, 简单从属连词 ? complex subordinators, 复杂从属连词 ? correlative subordinators, 关联从属连词 ? marginal subordinators. 边际从属连词 ? after ? although ? because ? before ? directly ? for ? if ? immediately ? lest ? like ? since ? that ? though ? till ? unless ? until ? when(ever) ? where(ver) ? whereupon ? while ? whilst,etc Also known as one-word subordinators Simple subordinator 简单从属连词 Also known as “ multi-word subordinators ” Some of these end in “ that ” ? assuming that ? but that ? considering (that) ? except (that) ? excepting (that) ? for all (that) ? given (that) ? granted (that) ? granting (that) ? in that ? in order that ? insofar that ? in the event that ? now (that) ? provided (that) ? providing (that) ? save that ? seeing (that) ? so (that) ? such that ? supposing (that) Complex subordinators 复杂从属连词 Complex subordinators 复杂从属连词 Some of these end in “ as ” ? according as ? as far as ? as long as ? as soon as ? forasmuch as ? inasmuch as ? insofar as ? insomuch as Others include: ? as if ? in case ? as though Correlative subordinators 关联从属连词 ? Subordinators of this group are composed of two correlative words ?as … as ?as … so ?not so … as ?such … as ?the … the, etc ?barely /hardly/ scarcely … when ? more / (- er) / less … than ?no sooner … than ?whether … or Marginal subordinators 边际从属连词 free lexical combinations . This group is sometimes hard to distinguish from complex subordinator