电子信息工程专业专业英语三千字翻译.pdf

精品文档 Unit3 computer architecture and microprocessors 3--1 Computer Architecture 1) Computer architecture , in computer science , is a general term referring to the structure of all or part of computer system . The term also covers the design of system software , such as the operating system (the program that controls the computer) , as well as referring to the combination of hardware and basic software that links the machines on a computer network . Computer architecture refers to an entire structure and to the details needed to make it functional . Thus , computer architecture covers computer systems , microprocessors , circuits , and system programs . Typically the term does not refer to application programs , such as spreadsheets or word processing , which are required to perform a task but not to make the system run . 2)1.Design Elements 3) In designing a computer system , architects consider five major elements that make up the systems hardware : the arithmetic /logic unit , control unit , memory , input , and output . The arithmetic /logic unit performs arithmetic and compares numerical values . The control unit directs the operation of the computer by taking the user instructions and 。 一欢迎下载 精品文档 transforming them into electrical signals that the computer s circuitry can understand . The combination of the arithmetic /logic unit and the control unit is called the central processing unit (CPU) . The memory stores instructions and data . The input input and output sections allow the