Chemical Kinetics and Rates of Reaction - Cobequid ：化学动力学和反应速率- Cobequid.ppt

REVIEW no particles have zero energy/velocity some particles have very low and some have very high energies/velocities most have intermediate velocities as the temperature increases the curves flatten, broaden and shift to higher energies T1 T2 T3 TEMPERATURE T2 > T1 > T3 MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION OF MOLECULAR ENERGY INCREASING TEMPERATURE MOLECULAR ENERGY NUMBER OF MOLECUES WITH A PARTICULAR ENERGY Ea ACTIVATION ENERGY - Ea The Activation Energy is the minimum energy required for a reaction to take place The area under the curve beyond Ea corresponds to the number of molecules with sufficient energy to overcome the energy barrier and react. MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION OF MOLECULAR ENERGY NUMBER OF MOLECULES WITH SUFFICIENT ENERGY TO OVERCOME THE ENERGY BARRIER INCREASING TEMPERATURE MOLECULAR ENERGY NUMBER OF MOLECUES WITH A PARTICULAR ENERGY Explanation increasing the temperature gives more particles an energy greater than Ea more reactants are able to overcome the energy barrier and form products a small rise in temperature can lead to a large increase in rate T1 T2 TEMPERATURE T2 > T1 Ea MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION OF MOLECULAR ENERGY INCREASING TEMPERATURE MOLECULAR ENERGY NUMBER OF MOLECUES WITH A PARTICULAR ENERGY EXTRA MOLECULES WITH SUFFICIENT ENERGY TO OVERCOME THE ENERGY BARRIER Surface Area Reducing the size of particles increases the rate of a reaction because it increases the surface area available for collisions to take place. This increases the number of collisions. Catalysts A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up itself. Some reactions have catalysts that can speed them up, but for many reactions there is no catalyst that works. How do they work? Catalysts provide an alternative reaction pathway with a lower Activation Energy (Ea) Decreasing the Activation Energy means that more particles will have sufficient energy to overcome the energy barrier and react Catalysts remain chemically uncha