商业、道德与国家——丹尼尔·笛福的商业理论探究.pdfVIP

华东师范大学硕士学位论文 内容摘要 在中国，丹尼尔·笛福最著名的作品是《鲁滨逊漂流记》，但是他不仅仅是 ⼩说作家，他还是诗⼈、杂志出版⼈和⼩册⼦作者，“贸易”主题是其作品中的 重要部分。17 世纪末 18 世纪初笛福在⾯对“公民⼈⽂主义”以道德和腐败为核⼼ 对商业的攻击时，仍然⿎吹贸易、商⼈和“英格兰新财政”的价值。本⽂梳理和 探究笛福的经济理论 ，展现他如何参与到这个时代争论之中。⼈性、道德和贸 易的关系是笛福对于商业社会认识的核⼼，商业不仅是获得财富的途径，也是 道德完善之路。笛福将贸易视为⼀个物质和财富的循环体系，在其中个⼈和国 家的财富得到增长，⼟地成为了贸易中的⼀环，否定了“公民美德”的财产基 础，同时将财富视为民族⼒量的来源，否定了⼟地的政治价值。“贸易商”作为 贸易的中间环节，促进了循环的进⾏，具有着⾃⽣的内在的职业伦理，是新时 代的道德标杆。“英格兰新财政”是个⼈利益与公共利益结合的典范，⽽其维护 需要依靠政府的⼒量，其破坏者是贪婪的平民、邪恶的股票经纪⼈与投机商 ⼈。贸易不仅是经济问题，更重要的是它是获得良好国家的途径，它带来财富 的增长、军事⼒量的强⼤和道德的完善。 关键词 ：贸易 笛福 公民⼈⽂主义 商业社会 英国 华东师范大学硕士学位论文 Abstract In China, Daniel Defoe’s most famous work is Robinson Crusoe, but he is not only a novel writer, but also a poet, magazine publisher and pamphlet writer. The theme of trade is an important part of his work. At the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century, Defoe still advocated the value of trade, man in commerce and Financial Revolution(Bank of England and the National Debt) when facing the attack from civic humanist with virtue and corruption as its core. This article combs and explores Defoes economic thoughts and shows how he participates in the debates of this era. The relationship among human nature, morality and trade is Defoes core understanding of commercial society. Commerce is not only a way to obtain wealth, but also a way to perfect morality. Defoe regards trade as a circulation system of goods and wealth, in which the wealth of individuals and countries is increased, land becomes a link in trade, denying the property foundation of citizen virtue, and at the same time regarding wealth as the source of national powe