汉语非典型差比句的研究与教学.pdf

华东师范大学硕士学位论文 内容摘要 在现代汉语中，表达差比含义的常用句式是“X 比Y+ 比较结果”。但是也 存在 “我的需求超过你”， “和她相比，她的母亲看上去甚至更年轻”，“你 越来越胖了”等这样的句子。这些句子从语义上来说也包含差比语义，但是结 构上与常用的“比”字差比句并不相同。此类差比句就是非典型差比句。 汉语差比范畴的相关研究成果很多，研究的内容主要集中于差比范畴的确 立和差比句句式的研究。而差比句的研究以“比”字类典型差比句及其否定形 式为主。前人对于非典型差比句的本体研究主要针对其中某一种句式进行研 究，但是对于非典型差比句的界定，写和解释的并不多。文章结合前人研究 并基于范畴理论，首先对典型差比句进行界定，以此为参照对非典型差比句进 行界定，然后确定常见的非典型差比句的类型。运用认知语言学相关理论，从 认知和功能角度解释非典型差比句生成的合理性。并在非典型差比句中选取研 究对象，结合现代汉语语料库，对非典型差比句的句法功能、各个成分准入条 件进行调查和研究。最后从主观性和互动性角度分析非典型差比句的语用功 能。 在本体研究的基础上，研究汉语学习者使用非典型差比句产生的偏误。首 先对 HSK 动态作文语料库中出现的偏误情况进行分类研究，并分析留学生使用 非典型差比句产生偏误的原因，最后为对外汉语教学出针对性的教学建议。 关键词：非典型差比句；句法特征；语用功能；偏误分析 I 华东师范大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT In Modern Chinese, the common sentence pattern used to express the meaning of difference ratio is “X Bi Y + the result of comparison”. But in Chinese, “Wo de xuqiu chaoguo ni. (My needs are greater than yours.)”, “He ta xiang bi, ta de mama kanshangqu shenzhi geng nianqing. (Her mother looks even younger than her.)” “Ni yue lai yue pang le. (You’re getting fatter and fatter.)”. These sentences also contain the meaning of “Bi” in semantics, but the structure is not the same as that of “Bi” in common use. This kind of sentence structure is called non-typical comparative sentence. There are many researches on the category of contrast in Chinese, which mainly focus on the definition of contrast category and the study of contrast sentence pattern. However, the study of comparative sentences mainly focuses on the typical comparative sentences of "Bi" and their negative forms. The previous studies on the non-typical comparative sentence mainly focus on one of the sentence patterns, but the definition of the non-typical comparative sentence is not described and explained much. Based on previous studi