直接引语变间接引语(宾语从句)讲解与练习(附答案).docVIP

直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）讲解与练习 讲解： 在复合句中，作宾语的句子（主谓结构）就叫宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。变化时应注意以下几点： 引导词（连词） 如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，引导词用that, that没有实际意义，口语或非正式文体中常省略 e.g He said, “My mother is a doctor.” →He said (that) his mother was a doctor. 如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用if。不能省略e.g “Are you English?” He asked me→He asked me if I was English. 如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用特殊疑问句的疑问词，如：what when where which who how等，这些词有意义，不能省略：eg “How old are you ?” He asked me→He asked me how old I was. 间接引语的宾语从句中，引导词之后都必须使用陈述语序，即 “引导词+主语+谓语…），肯定式的宾语从句不用助动词do(did或does) e.g. She asked, “What does he want?”→She asked what he wanted. He asked me ,“Do you like English?” →He asked me if I liked English. 时态的变化： 如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时,则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。基本原则是：往过去的方向推一个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，一般将来时变成过去将来时eg: ① He asked me, “Do you have a dictionary?”→He asked me if I had a dictionary. ② She asked, “What is Tom doing? →She asked what Tom was doing. ③ She said ,“I will leave a message on his desk.”→She said that she would leave a message on his desk. 如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理，自然现象。则无论主句用什么时态，间接引语中的宾语从句一律使用现在时。eg:① The teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”→The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun② He said, “ Light travels faster than sound. ”→He said that light travels faster than sound. 四．人称的变化与汉语中的情况大体相同，指示代词，时间状语和动词的变化见课本第99页的表格。 五．练习：Ⅰ选择填空。 ( )1.He said that he ________speak a little English when he was five. A is able to B able C could D can ( )2.Please tell me where _______have our picnic tomorrow。 A we will B will we C you are D will you ( )3.Did you hear________ clearly? A what he said B what he says C what did he say D how did he said ( )4.He wanted to know why _______up late. A did she get B she got C does she get D she gets ( )5.Could you tell me ________from your house to the factory? A how far it is B it is how far C how far it was D how far is it ( )6.Could you tell me if it _________