中国历史简介英文.ppt

中国历史简介英文 ? Student Handouts, Inc. 中国历史简介英文 Larger than the United States Climate varies North Temperate and cold South Subtropical Erosion Floods and droughts Important rivers Hwang ho (Yellow River) – north Yangtze River – central China Enclosed by high mountains, hot deserts, wide oceans 中国历史简介英文 By 4000 BCE Village settlements along Hwang ho River Farming, stone tools, weapons (bow and arrow), animal domestication, pottery Circa 1500 BCE Picture writing (oldest writing in existence) Now circa 40,000 characters 中国历史简介英文 A dynasty is a series of rulers from the same family. Historically, royal rule was descended from father to son. DYNASTIC CYCLE Emperor comes to power and gains the Mandate of Heaven. Upward rise (wealth and population increase) to peak. Downward spiral (natural disasters, corruption, etc.). Emperor loses the Mandate of Heaven. Civil war until a new emperor, with the Mandate of Heaven, comes to power. MANDATE OF HEAVEN – Described by philosopher Mencius Belief that the emperor was chosen by heaven to rule. 中国历史简介英文 China’s first dynasty Founded by Yu Built roads and irrigation projects 中国历史简介英文 Writing began Developed bronze, glazed pottery, and silk industries 中国历史简介英文 Invaded China from the northwest Set up a loose central government Feudal power held by strong nobles Philosophers Confucius Mencius (his follower) 中国历史简介英文 Military dictatorship centralized China Emperor Shih Huang Ti Destroyed nobles’ feudal power System of taxation Established weights and measures Great Wall (1500 miles) 中国历史简介英文 Conquerors Empire – central Asia to China Sea, Indochina to Korea Trade Chinese fruits, silks, and spices in Rome (1st century CE) Buddhism came from India Civil service system First paper made 中国历史简介英文 400 years of warfare between Han and Tang dynasties Tang reunited China T’ai Tsung Emperor in 627 CE Education and government reforms Extended boundaries Alliances and peace treaties with neighbors Industry and trade Jade porcelain, and silks to Ara