英美概况(美国部分)简答题答案.docVIP

英美概况(美国部分)简答题答案 UNIT3 5.What were some of the causes of the American Revolution? Explain the Declaration of Independence? By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies(殖民地) in North America had developed a similar American pattern in politics, economy and cultural life and enjoyed the same frontier(开拓的) environment. The English people and Europeans had become Americans and they were ready to separate themselves from the Old World. In addition,” No taxation without represantion”, many new taxes imposed(强迫) on North American colonies by the British Parliament(国会). In 1773,a group of patriots(爱国者) responded to the tea tax by staging the “Boston Tea Party”. In September1774, the First Continental Congress(第一次大陆会议) was held in Philadelphia(费城). On April 19, 1775, the first shot was fired when 700 British soldiers went to capture(占领,俘获) a colonial arms depot(仓库) in a small town of Concord near Boston. The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Congress on July 41,776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments were to secure the rights mentioned above. The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke. UNIT 4 1 Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time? The Articles of Confederation(联邦条款) failed because the states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other. When the Congress needed money to pay the national army or to p