四川宣汉方言语音研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 宣汉县位于四川省东部地区，隶属达州市，县境东与城口为邻，南与开江接 壤，西与达县交界，北与万源相连，处在川、陕、鄂、渝交界地带，交通十分便 利。 在西南官话中，宣汉方言归属于川黔片成渝小片，它虽有成渝小片的方言特 征，但更多的还是具有自身的特色。从学者已有的研究来看，宣汉方言的研究虽 已取得了可喜的成绩，具有不可替代的学术参考价值，但无庸讳言，宣汉方言研 究总体上还不成系统，存有一定的局限性。本文以宣汉方言为研究对象，运用语 言学、方言学等相关理论，采取田野调查、比较分析等方法，系统描写了宣汉方 言的语音系统，分析其语音特点和音变现象，在此基础上与中古音进行历时比较， 同时还将其与万源和成都方言作共时比较，旨在揭示宣汉方言的演变规律，进而 探讨宣汉方言形成的基本原因。 据调查，宣汉方言语音系统相对简单，声母 19 个 （零声母在内），其中有1 个全浊声母[z]，除此之外全部清化，且遵循平声送气、仄声不送气的规律演变， 无鼻音声母[n]；韵母37 个（包括卷舌元音[ɚ]），四呼俱全，无塞韵尾，无鼻音 韵[əŋ]、[iŋ]；声调4 个，平声分阴阳，入声调消失，主要归入阳平调。通过进 一步分析研究，发现宣汉方言形成的因素并不单纯，它受到历代移民、地理环境、 本土方言等方面因素的多重影响。 总而言之，不论是移民、周边方言还是普通话的影响，也不论是地理环境还 是土著方言的影响，这些都是今天宣汉方言形成多层叠加特点的基本因素。因此， 研究宣汉方言不仅有其必要，而且还有重要意义。 关键词：宣汉方言；音系特点；历时比较；共时分析；形成原因 I Abstract Xuanhan county is located in the eastern part of Sichuan Province, it belongs to Dazhou City. It is adjacent to Chengkou in the East, Kaijiang in the south, Daxian in the west, Wanyuan in the north. It is at the border of Sichuan, Shanxi, Hubei, and Chongqing. The transportation is very convenient. The Xuanhan dialect belongs to Chengdu-Chongqing area of the southwestern Mandarin. Although it has the dialect characteristics of Chengdu-Chongqing area, it still has its own characteristics. From the existing research of scholars, although the research of Xuanhan dialect has made gratifying achievements and has irreplaceable academic reference value, there is no denying that the research of Xuanhan dialect is not systematic in general and has certain limitations. This paper takes Xuanhan dialect as the research object, and uses linguistics, dialectics and other related theories to take a field survey and comparative analysis to systematically describe the Xuanhan dialects phonetic system and analyze its phonetic characteristics and phoneti