现在完成时讲解(含讲解及习题).docxVIP

PAGE PAGE # 现在完成时讲解 一、构成 : 肯定式：主语 + 助动词 have/has + 动词的过去分词 . 疑问式：助动词 Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 ? 否定式 : 主语 + 助动词 have/has + not + 动词的过去分词 . 过去分词规则变化： —般情况下，直接力口 ed, (work-worked , water-watered, finishfinished 等;) 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词 , 把 y 变成 i 再加 ed, ( carry-- -carried studystudied 等 ;) 以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 ed。 (stop-stopped, shop-shopped) 以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加 d ( 过去分词不规则变化表： 二、用法： 用法一：表示过去(已经、曾经或从未)发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 标志词： ① already, ② never, ③ ever, ④ just, ⑤ yet, ⑥ before, ⑦ once/twice/数字 + times 例： I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间 (房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了 ) They have left. -- 他们已经离开了 ,也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。 ) I have been there twice. already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气； yet 用于否定句和疑问句。 ? He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 ? Has he already left here? 他(真的)已经离开这里了吗？(表示加强语气) ? My teachers haven t had breakfast yet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 ? Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？ never 是否定词，表示“从来没有” ，而 ever 表示“曾经” ? We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 ? Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？ just 用于句中 , 表示“刚刚” ? I ve just had breakfast我刚吃完早饭。 ? What have they just done? 他们刚刚做了什么？ before 用于句末 , 表示“以前” ? I ve seen it before我以前见过它。 练习：用 never， ever， already， before, just 或 yet 填空。 I have seen him before, so I have no idea about him. Jack has finished his homework. --Have you seen the film? --No, I have seen it. Has the bus left ? Yes, it has left. Would you like to go to the zoo with me? Yes, but I have been there  ★ has gone to, has been to, has been 的 区别： have/has gone to去了某地（还在某地没回来） Where is your father? 你爸爸在哪里？ He has gone to Shanghai.他去上海了。 have/has been to曾经去过（已回，已不在去过的地方） +次数（once/twice/数字+times） My father has been to Shanghai 3 times.我爸爸去过上海 3 次。 画线提问： has your father bee n to Shan ghai? have/has been in待了多久（去了，现在仍在所待的地方） + for +时间段/ + since +时间点 My father has bee n in Shan ghai for two mon ths/ since two mon ths ago. 我爸已经在上海待了两个月了。 画线提问： has your father bee n in Shan ghai? ▲注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉 to/in，这四个地点副词是： here