高考英语一复习介词.pptVIP

专题五介词  、介词的分类与语法功能 介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与 名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类或短语等)构 成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。介词可分 为 ※简单介词,如at,in,for等; *合成介词,如 within, inside,onto, throughout等; *短语介词,如 according to, out of, by means of,in spite of, instead of等 ※双重介词,如 from behind/ above/ under, untill after 等 分词介词,如 considering, including, judging (from/by)等。  二、介词的意义 1.表示时间的介词:in,on,atby, after, SInce,ror; during, within. (1)i表示表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次 等。in也可以指“在.之后”,表示从说话起的若干时 间内,句子用一般将来时。如 in July/summer/2000/ancient times The bus will be here in ten minutes 常用词组: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in summer, in the past, in the future (2)on表示“在特定的某一天”,也可用于带有修饰语的一天 的某个时间段之前。如 on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st, on a rainy day  (3)at表示“在某一时间点”,或用来表示节日、年龄等 sA: at six oclock, at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas at New Year (4)for与 since:for+时间段,表示动作或状态延续的全部时 间长度,为“长达.”之意; sInce+时间点,用于指从 过去特定的某个时刻到说话时为止的一段时间;含有 sInce时间短语的句子要用完成时,但含有for时间短语的 句子不一定要用完成时。如 I have been there for six years. We have not seen each other since 1993  (4)b表示到,的时候,常用在天、时间点的前面。如 The work must be finished by Friday I have learnt three english songs by now.  时同状语前不用介词的几种情况 1.当时间状语是oday, yesterday, tomorrow, tonigh yesterday/tomorrow morning(afternoon, evening )Bsf, 其前不用介词。例如 There was a football match yesterday evening 2.当表示时同的词前有h,that,nert,last,one, any each, s0me或者al等词修饰时,其成面不用介词。例如: i saw him in the street sometime last week Ill visit my grandparents this week The girl was ill in bed all the week.  2.表示地点的介词 (1)方位介词on,over, above A.介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴 在一起,如: The book is on the table B介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即 “在上方”,如: Is there any bridge over the ver C介词 above表示一般的“高于∴”,“在.之 上”,如: There was an electric clock above his bed  at on in at指小地点或集会场合; on表示线或面上的位置 in表示在立体、区域或环境内,特别是那些较 大,能够容纳相应事物的环境。如: He works at Peking University. Your radio is on the desk Hes sitting