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PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION VIA CLEAN, QUIET AUTOMOBILES The first motorized vehicle emerged in 1886 and since then the automobile business has grown steadily into a global billion dollar industry. The automobile itself has changed the lives, culture, and economy of the people and nations that manufacture and demand them. Cars have been embraced all over the world due to their efficiency and the convenience they bring to peoples lives; they are broadly accepted today as an indispensable transportation tool. Unfortunately, the same vehicle that improves quality of life is simultaneously underminingWeaken/sabotage it. As vehicle use has increased around the world and its effects have been studied, it has been discovered that such extensive use of gasoline powered automobiles triggers many environmental and social problems. These include a diminishing fuel source, increased harmful and greenhouse gas emissions, and an increased noise level, as well as an increased demand for infrastructure and worsened traffic congestion. The challenge to present and future engineers in countries around the world is to solve these problems within the next few decades, before fuel sources are depletedUsed up/ exhausted and more irreversible environmental damage is done. Weaken/sabotage Used up/ exhausted The global petroleum storage at the end of 2001 was approximately 10500 billion barrels. It is estimated by researchers that given the existing petroleum storage and expansion rate of global industries, it will be merely 40 to 50 years until the depletion of the petroleum supply on the planet. In addition, it is very likely that in the near future, the wanning supply of petroleum will cause a surge in crude oil price. The by-products of gasoline or diesel combustion contain a variety of potentially harmful gases and particles that are released into the atmosphere. Among them, a few pollutants are of highest concern: carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx)