烃衍生物刘金娥.ppt

的坐物 复习课 Valadon onry. ch Asposeslides for NET 4o dient P Evaluation only. Created with Aspose Slides for NET 4.0 dient Profilo 71 Copyright 2004-2017Aspose Pty L 光荣榜 方程式全对的有1人:葛会朋 错一个有8人:罗梦婷邱兆勇宫哲刘强 杜明奇栗方宇孙楠赵坤 错2个的有12人:薛鑫王云飞张振单明熹 杨硕马欣黄晓璐王艺璇 管政王嘉铄王振 Valadon onry. ch Asposeslides for NET 4o dient P Evaluation only. Created with Aspose Slides for NET 4.0 dient Profilo 71 Copyright 2004-2017Aspose Pty L 烃衍生物化学性质学习方法 1.“结构”决定“性质”理解代表物官能团结构 特点,从而握各类物质的性质 2.以点带面卤代蛏 溴乙烷醇 乙醇 醛酯 乙醛 羧酸 乙酸 乙酸乙音 3.“一般”与“个别” 卤代烃一一氯甲烷醇一甲醇:二者不能消去 搬酸一甲酸(醛基)醛一甲醛(量的关系) 甲酸某酯(醛基) Valadon onry. ch Asposeslides for NET 4o dient P Evaluation only. Created with Aspose Slides for NET 4.0 dient Profilo 71 Copyright 2004-2017Aspose Pty L 、烃衍生物重要类别和主要化学性质: 类别通式官能团 代表物 化学性质 卤代烃CnH21X cH2CH2Br取代、消去 Na消去取代 醇Cn2n+OH-oHcH3cH2oH(成醚酯化卤 代烃)、氧化 酸性取代.加成 酚 OH 显色氧化缩聚 醛C120 CHO CH3CHO 氧化(银镜、斐 林)、还原 羧酸CH2QO2- COOH CH3 COOH酸性、酯化 A C, 2n02-COoR CH3COoc2 s #+) 水解(酸性或碱 Valadon onry. ch Asposeslides for NET 4o dient P Evaluation only. Created with Aspose Slides for NET 4.0 dient Profilo 71 Copyright 2004-2017Aspose Pty L 卤代烃 官能团 1取代:C2H5Br+NaOHC2HOH+Na (水解) 醇 2消去C2H5Br+NaOH一→CH2=CH+NaBr+H Valadon onry. ch Asposeslides for NET 4o dient P Evaluation only. Created with Aspose Slides for NET 4.0 dient Profilo 71 Copyright 2004-2017Aspose Pty L 官能团OH代表物C2H5OH 最小物CH3OH 消去反应:C2 H,OH hRH2 SO 1700C CH2=CH2↑+H2O 催化氧化:2C2H5OH+O2催化剂2 CHCHO+2H2O △ 取代反应:酯化、卤代、分子间脱水成醚 Valadon onry. ch Asposeslides for NET 4o dient P Evaluation only. Created with Aspose Slides for NET 4.0 dient Profilo 71 Copyright 2004-2017Aspose Pty L 官能团OH代表物(oOH 1弱酸性: OOH+ Na2 CO,o ONa+ NaHcO3 oONa +H2O+cO 2 OOH NaHCO3 OH 2取代反应 +3B OH Br 0)Br/+3HBr 3显色反应:与FeCl3生成紫色物质 BI Valadon onry. ch Asposeslides for NET 4o dient P Evaluation only. Created with Aspose Slides for NET 4.0 dient Profilo 71 Copyright 2004-2017Aspose Pty L 醛:官能团_CHO最小物HCHO 仨化剂 1、还原反应:CH3CHO+H2△CHCH2OH 2、氧化反应: 侶化剂 催化氧化:2CH3CHO+O2△2 CH3COOH 银镜反应:CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH△→2Ag↓ Ch3COONH4 +3 NH3+ H,o 与Cu(OH)2反应: C