初中被动语态讲解.pdfVIP

学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考 被动语态 一．概念 ： 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态 (The Active V oice) 与被动语态（ The Passive Voice) 。主动语态 表示主语是动作的执行者 ;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 例： 1. They make trains in Xi ’an. Trains are made in Xi ’an by them. 2. Xm beats Xx evey day. Xx is beaten by Xm every day. 二．构成 be + done (p.p.-- 及物动词的过去分词） 一般现在时 —— am ／is ／are + v.p.p. 一般过去时 —— was ／were +v.p.p. 一般将来时 —— will be ／be going to be + v.p.p . 过去将来时 —— would be/was,were going to be + v.p.p 现在进行时 —— am/is/are being + v.p.p. 过去进行时 —— was/were being+ v.p.p. 现在完成时 —— have/has +been+ v.p.p 情态动词 —— aux.v. (must ／can ／could ／may…) + be + v.p.p. 三．被动语态的使用 1. 当我们不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时； 例： 1. His car was stolen last night. 2. Basketball is played in most countries. 2. 动作的承受者是谈话的中心 （常由 by 引起） 例： 1. A lot of articles (that) we have learned were written by Lu Xun. 四．不用被动语态的情况 1. 某些及物动词 + adv 表主动，特别是后加副词（如 well ， easily 等）时。主动语态有被动含义， 这类动词常见的有 sell ，write ，wear ，wash ，photograph, clean, cook, cut 例： 1. This book sells well. 2. Your pen writes really well/smoothly. 3. This dress (that) my mom bought for me wears well 4. She does not photograph well. 5. The cheese doesn’t cut easily. It ’s too soft. 句子是主谓结构时，不用被动语态。常见的谓语动词有： happen, take place, (dis)appear, rise, break out, come about, come true, come out, run out, turn out 例： 1. A traffic accident happened just now. 2. Great changes are taking place in my hometown. 3. He disappears. 4. When a gay person comes out, they let people know that he is a gay. 3. 连系动词无被动： 感官系动词： look 、feel 、sound、smell 、taste “表变化的系动词” ：become、 grow 、turn 、fall 、get “表保持的系动词” ：keep, reamain, stay ④ prove + 形容词，名词或不 定式 五．注意 1. 使役动词 (make, have, let) 和感官动词 (see, watch, notice, hear, find) 后跟省略了 to 的动词不定式 , 学习资料 学习资