寻找我们的道路_完整版.pdf

S1247711 PassageBackgrounds Checkboxes&RelatedQuestionTypes S1. 人类导航（科技类） True/ False/ NG ListofHeadings Summary ParagraphMatching Matching MultipleChoices Finding Our Ways A "Drive200yards, andthenturn right,"saysthe car'scomputervoice. You relaxinthe driver's seat,followthedirectionsandreachyourdestinationwithouterror.It'scertainlyniceto havethe Global Positioning System (GPS) to direct you to within a few yards of your goal. Yet if the satellite service's digital maps become even slightly outdated, you can become lost.Then you haveto rely on the ancient human skill of navigating inthree-dimensional space. Luckily,your biologicalfinder hasan importantadvantageoverGPS: itdoes notgoawaryifonlyone partof the guidance system goes wrong, because it works invarious ways. You can ask questions of peopleonthesidewalk.Orfollowastreetthatlooksfamiliar.Orrelyonanavigationalrubric:"IfI keepthe EastRiveronmyleft,Iwilleventuallycross34thStreet."The humanpositioningsystem is flexible and capable of learning.Anyone who knowsthe way from pointA to point B—and fromAtoC—canprobablyfigureouthowtogetfrom BtoC,too. B But how does this complex cognitive system reallywork? Researchers are looking at several strategies people use to orient themselves in space: guidance, path integration and route following.We mayuseallthreeorcombinationsthereof.Andasexpertslearnmoreaboutthese navigational skills, they are making the case that our abilities may underlie our powers of memoryandlogicalthinking.GrandCentral, PleaseImaginethatyou havearrivedinaplaceyou have nevervisited—NewYork City.You get offthe train at Grand CentralTerminal in midtown Manhattan.You have a few hoursto explore beforeyou must returnfor your ri