艺术家的指纹_完整版.pdf

S2180103 PassageBackgrounds Checkboxes&RelatedQuestionTypes S2. 艺术家的指纹（历史类） True/ False/ NG ListofHeadings Summary ParagraphMatching Matching MultipleChoices Artists' Fingerprints Worksofartoftenbearthefingerprintsoftheartist who created them. Such crucial evidence usually goes unnoticed even by connoisseurs, art experts and conservators. Ifpresent,such evidencecouldbevaluable in clarifying questions about authorship and dating. A The unique character of ridges on our hands has been recognized for thousands of years. The studyofancientpotteryforexamplerevealstheutilizationoffingerprintimpressionsintheclayasa maker's mark. In prehistoric times, we find examples of hand prints in cave painting. Only as recently as 1858 did Sir William Herschel establish its use for identification. In 1888, Sir Francis Galtonundertookto refine andformulate Herschel'sobservations. Identificationby fingerprintwas firstadoptedinEnglandin1905andreceivedgeneralacceptanceworldwidein1908. B The combination of a number of characteristics in a given finger impression is specific to a particularprint.Theplacing ofrelianceonfingerprint evidencehas alwaysbeen onthe assumption (now accepted as a fact) that no two fingers can have identical ridge characteristics. Galton's mathematical conclusions predicted the possible existence of some 64billion different fingerprint patterns.Thefunctionalityofthistechniqueisthattheprobabilityforthe existenceoftwoidentical fingerimpressionsfrom differentindividualsis nilandnosuchpossibilityhas everbeen noticedin anypartoftheworldatanytime. C The individuality of a fingerprint is not determined by its general shape or pattern but by the careful