《se运营管理-35 排队模型》.ppt

服务台 流动单位 排队系统小结: 等待库存 Iq 服务库存 Ip 流入 流出 进入系统 离开系统 开始服务 服务时间 p 等待时间Tq 流程时间 T=Tq+p 资源利用率 (注意: 必须 1) 与时间有关的测度: 与库存有关的测度(流速=1/a) 怎么做 call center 的员工计划？ 平衡两种成本： 服务成本：和顾客代表数量成正比 等待成本 内部成本：800-电话线成本 外部成本: 顾客不满意（长期损失) 因接不通造成顾客丢失 For the bread-making line, baking is the bottleneck since it has the longest cycle time. The cycle time of each bread-making line is 1 hour/100 loaves. Since there are two lines, the cycle time of bread-making is 1/2 hour/100 loaves, which is shorter than the cycle time of packaging. Thus packaging is the bottleneck of the whole process and the output capacity is 133 loaves/hour (since its cycle time is 3/4 hour/100 loaves). The same as (1) since cooling is not the bottleneck. The same as (1) since cooling is not the bottleneck. The same as (1) since cooling is not the bottleneck. The same as (1) since cooling is not the bottleneck. (a) Increasing the capacity of baking would not change the overall output capacity since baking is not the bottleneck of the process. (b) If the cycle time of packaging is increased to 1/2 hour/100 loaves, packaging would have the same capacity as bread-making. The overall output capacity of the process is now 200 loaves/hour since its cycle time is 1/2 hour/100 loaves. With a batch size of 100 loaves and a setup time of 15 minutes, the cycle time of packaging is now 1/4 + 3/4 = 1 hour/100 loaves. The overall output capacity of the process becomes 100 loaves/hour. One way to increase the output capacity is to use a larger batch size for packaging, which is the bottleneck of the process. The same as (1) since cooling is not the bottleneck. The same as (1) since cooling is not the bottleneck. With a batch size of 100 loaves and a setup time of 15 minutes, the cycle time of packaging is now 1/4 + 3/4 = 1 hour/100 loaves. The overall output capacity of the process becomes 100 loaves/hour. One way to increase the output capacity is to use a larger batch size for packaging, which is the bottleneck of the process