《操作系统第2章》.pptVIP

CPU Protection-工作与休息 Timer（定时器） – interrupts computer after specified period to ensure operating system maintains control. Timer is decremented every clock tick. When timer reaches the value 0, an interrupt occurs. Timer commonly used to implement time sharing. Time also used to compute the current time. Load-timer is a privileged instruction. Network Structure Local Area Networks (LAN) Wide Area Networks (WAN) Local Area Network Structure Wide Area Network Structure OS system components CPU - Process management Memory - Main-memory management Disk - File management Storage system - Secondary-storage management I/O - I/O-system management 不同计算机连起来 - Networking 保护和安全 - Protection system 计算机为人所用 - User interface system summary 从OS角度看计算机系统 硬件保护 双模态、定时器 OS自身的系统组件 操作系统第2章 Computer-System Architecture Computer-System Architecture 指令系统 Computer-System Operation I/O devices and the CPU can execute concurrently. Each device controller is in charge of a particular device type. Each device controller has a local buffer （缓存）. CPU moves data from/to main memory to/from local buffers I/O is from the device to local buffer of controller. Device controller informs CPU that it has finished its operation by causing an interrupt. Common Functions of Interrupts Interrupt （中断）transfers control to the interrupt service routine generally, through the interrupt vector, which contains the addresses of all the service routines. Interrupt architecture must save the address of the interrupted instruction. Incoming interrupts are disabled while another interrupt is being processed to prevent a lost interrupt. A trap （陷阱） is a software-generated interrupt caused either by an error or a user request. An operating system is interrupt driven.（操作系统的运行是一种中断驱动机制） OS Application user hardware OS启动后，设置好环境， 设置好trap和interrupt。 然后自顾自地运行 有事call OS 有事发interrupt Interrupt Handling The operating system preserves the state of the CPU by storing registers and the program counter（PC）. Determines which ty