高中高一定语从句专项复习总结练练习习题—好.doc

高一英语定语从句复习 语法归纳及练习 一、基本概念 定语从句 在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 先行词 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 一般情况下， 定语从句紧跟先行词。 但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。 关系代词和关系副词 定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系 代词有： who, whom, which, that 和 whose, 另外， as 也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中 充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有： when, where 和 why。在定语从句中充当状语。二、关系代词的用法 （一）基本用法 根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。 如下表： 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 who 人 主语，宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am whom 人 宾语 working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. I like those books whose topics are about whose 人，物 定语 history. The boy whose father works abroad is my 关 系 classmate. 代词 A plane is a machine that can fly. that 人，物 主语，宾语 She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. which 物 主语，宾语 The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.  备注 whom, which 和 that 在从句中做宾语时 ，常 可以省 略，但介词提前时 后面 关系 代词不 能省略，也不可以 that as 做宾语一般不省略 （二）关系代词 that 代替 which 的一些情况 which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只用 that 。 ⑴ 先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。 例如：① This is the best that has been used against pollution . ② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years . ⑵ 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。 例如：① This is the last place (that) I want to visit . ② It is the first American movie of this kind that I ’ve ever seen. ⑶ 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none 等代词时。 例如：① You should hand in all that you have. ② We haven’tgot much that we can offer you . ⑷ 先行词前面有 the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every 等修饰时。 例如：① The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. ② The little money ( that) he had was stolen. （三）宜用 who, 而不用 that 的一些情况 ⑴ 先行词是 one, ones, anyone 时。 例如：① One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. ② Don’ttell anyone about the news who oughtn’tto know it .