9Epenthesis商务英语商务英语.pdf

Epenthesis （增音） Epenthesis （增音） &. Distinctive features Epenthesis Epenthesis  It is the lack of a consonant between vowels  It is the lack of a consonant between vowels that requires the nasal [ n ] to be added to the that requires the nasal [ n ] to be added to the article a. technically, this process of insertion article a. technically, this process of insertion is known as epenthesis. is known as epenthesis.  Ø [ n ] / [ e ]—V  Ø [ n ] / [ e ]—V  an apple  an apple Epenthesis Epenthesis  The insertion of a vowel sound between consonants. For example, the plural suffix for nouns.  When an English countable noun ends in sibilant sounds like /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/, or /dʒ/, its plural suffix is pronounced as /әz/.  Ø →[ɪ] / [+sibilant] [z] (epenthesis) Rule ordering Rule ordering  There is certain order to follow when applying  There is certain order to follow when applying different phonological rules. different phonological rules.  For example, epenthesis will always apply  For example, epenthesis will always apply before devoicing rule. before devoicing rule.  Ø →[ɪ] / [+sibilant] [z] (epenthesis)  Ø →[ɪ] / [+sibilant] [z] (epenthesis)  /z/ →[s] / [-voiced, C] (devoicing)  /z/ →[s] / [-voiced, C] (devoicing) Phonologic seats beds buses al rules /si:t+z/ /bɛd+z/ / bʌs+z/ Step 1 epenthesis N/A N/A Ø →[ɪ] Step 2 devoicing /z/ [s] N/A N/A output [si:ts ] [bɛdz ] [bʌsɪz] Distinctive feature Distinctive feature  The idea of distinctive features was first  The idea of distinctive features was first