藠头愈伤组织诱导的研究.docx

第一章 文献综述 Chapter 1: Literature Review 藠头（Allium chinensis G. Don）,英文名rakkyo，又名薤头、养头、火葱、野韭 等，属百合科（ Liliaceae ）葱属（ Allium ）形成小鳞茎的多年生宿根草本植物，主要 食用嫩叶和鳞茎 , 系中国南方特有的稀缺蔬菜品种之一，属辛香类蔬菜。藠头的叶片绿 色、细长、中空，有大葱样辛辣气味，叶鞘基部膨大形成长卵或纺锤形鳞茎。藠头作二 年生栽培，分蘖力强。其鳞茎的加工产品质地洁白，口感脆嫩，具防暑、开胃、助消化 等保健功效。盐渍、甜酸藠头深受消费者欢迎，并出口东南亚及日本、韩国等国（文惠 玲等， 2003）。在中医中，藠头的干燥鳞茎又称为薤白（祝之友， 2000），其味辛、 苦，性温，无毒，具有宽胸、理气等功效，用于治疗胸闷刺痛、肺气喘急等疾病已有 2000多年的历史。现代医学研究发现，薤白还具有抑菌消炎、解痉平喘、抗血小板凝 聚、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降低血脂、抗动脉粥样硬化的作用（张卿等， 2003）。藠头既可 食用又能入药，具有多种药理作用和保健的功能，是复合型功能食品，被誉为“菜中灵 芝”。 Allium chinensis G. Don, with the English name of rakkyo, is also known as allium bakeri, scallion, shallot and allium ramosum. It belongs to the category of Allium genus of Liliaceae family, and is a kind of perennial herb with cloves. The main parts of this plant for food are leaves and bulbs. It is one of the unique scarce vegetable varieties in South China, and it is classified as spicy vegetable. The leaves of Allium chinensis G. Don are green-colored, slender and cannular. It has spicy odor like that of a green Chinese onion. The leaf sheath base enlarges so as to form long ovoid or spindle-shaped bulb. It is biennially cultivated, and has a strong tillering capacity. The processing products of its bulbs are white in texture and crisp and tender in taste, having health care effects such as sunstroke prevention, appetite promotion, and digestion aid. Salted and sweet & sour Allium chinensis G. Don products are well received by customers, and are exported to South Asia, Japan, South Korea, etc. （Wen Huiling, 2003）. In traditional Chinese medicine, the dry bulb of Allium chinensis G. Don is also called allium macrostemon (Zhu Zhiyou, 2000) with pungent and bitter taste, and wild nature, which is free from toxicity. It has the functions such as comforting the chest and regulating the flow of vital energy. It has been used in the treatment of diseases like chest tightness and twinge, lung dyspnea for more than 2000 years. According to the findings of modern medical rese