天气学分析诊断 T-lnp 图 详解.pptVIP

K Index (Cont.) K = T850 mb – T500 mb + Td 850 mb – (T – Td)700 mb where T850 mb – T500 mb incorporates the effects of the environmental lapse rate, and Td 850 mb - (T – Td)700 mb incoporates the effects of the moisture in the lower troposphere. K Index (Cont.) The K Index will be largest when the lower troposphere is unstable and moist. When K 24, then the potential for convection exists; K 30, then the potential for strong thunderstorms exists. K Index (Cont.) What is the K Index of our sample sounding? Sample Sounding pressure (mb) T (°C) Td(°C) 1000 26 20 950 23 19 900 20 17 850 14 11 800 11 8 750 7 4 700 5 1 650 3 0 600 0 -6 550 -4 -10 500 -8 -15 450 -10 -18 400 -14 -22 Sample Sounding pressure (mb) T (°C) Td(°C) 1000 26 20 950 23 19 900 20 17 850 14 11 800 11 8 750 7 4 700 5 1 650 3 0 600 0 -6 550 -4 -10 500 -8 -15 450 -10 -18 400 -14 -22 K Index (Cont.) K = 14°C – (-8°C) + 11°C – (5°C - 1°C) K = 29°C Limitations of LI and K LI only provides information about the possible stability/instability of a parcel that is lifted to 500 mb. K only provides information about the environment at 850, 700 and 500 mb. Finding the LCL (Cont.) Draw a line along the dry adiabat from the point plotted where the air temperature intersected the air pressure. Finding the LCL (Cont.) Draw a line along the mixing ratio from the point plotted where the dew point temperature intersected the air pressure. Finding the LCL The Lifting Condensation Level is the point at which the two lines drawn in steps 3 and 4 intersect. LCL Sample Sounding pressure (mb) T (°C) Td(°C) 1000 26 20 950 23 19 900 20 17 850 14 11 800 11 8 750 7 4 700