基于弯曲波逆时偏移方法的薄板裂纹成像研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 薄板上裂纹等缺陷的检测成像对高压容器、航空器、核反应堆及其他板状结构的健 康监测是非常重要的。针对薄板上裂纹超声检测成像的困难，利用弯曲波进行检测可望 成为一种重要的手段，基于弯曲波的改进逆时偏移方法通过对接收元处的散射弯曲波进 行两次时间反转操作，利用薄板上弯曲波的频散特性压缩了散射弯曲波波形，并实现了 该波形的逆向传播。然后与从发射源传播来的前向波进行逆时偏移的互相关成像处理， 从而实现薄板上裂纹的成像。本论文在此理论基础上，对薄板上裂纹的检测成像展开进 一步数值模拟和实验研究。 针对薄板上的平直裂纹，通过数值模拟详细讨论了发射阵元和接收阵元的数目以及 换能器阵列的形状对裂纹成像质量的影响，为后续实验提供理论基础。在实验中，采用 PZT 压电换能器作为发射源，使其在铝薄板中有效地激发出弯曲波；采用激光测振仪作 为接收元，其能够高保真地记录发射源的发射波形和接收元处的散射弯曲波波形。采用 一发多收、逐点位移增加的方式对不包含裂纹等缺陷的实验铝板进行测量，利用 F-K 变 换得到弯曲波的频散曲线，其与理论曲线基本一致。采用一发多收、多发射源依次发射 的方式分别对包含平直裂纹和反 Z 形裂纹的铝薄板进行了实验测量，利用改进的逆时偏 移方法处理实验数据，首次实现了这些裂纹的高质量的原位成像。 关键词：超声成像；逆时偏移；时间反转；弯曲波；频散 研究类型：理论研究 Abstract The detection and imaging of cracks and other defects in a thin plate are of critical importance for structural health monitoring of high-pressure vessels, aircrafts, reactors and other plate-like structures. The fundamental flexural wave, as one of the modes that propagate in a plate, is the main tool for detecting defects in a plate. In the modified reverse time migration (RTM) method with flexural wave, two time reversal (TR) operations are conducted to compress the stretched waveform due to dispersion and realize the backward propagation of the scattered wave. Then, the cross-correlation imaging condition of RTM is carried out for the backward wave and forward wave that comes from the original source in the same host plate, and the image of the crack in the plate is obtained. Based on the above theory, this paper presents further researches in numerical simulations and experiments for the detection and imaging of the crack in a thin plate. For a horizontal crack in a thin plate, the influences of the number of transmitting and receiving array elements as well as the shapes of transducer array on imaging quality of crack are investigated systematically through