语言学期末考试考点一览.docxVIP

实用标准文案 实用标准文案 精彩文档 精彩文档 Chapter 1 Lin guistics 考点1 :定义（选择题或填空题） Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human com muni cati on. because it is far more▲ La nguage disti nguishes huma n beings from ani mals because it is far more sophisticated tha n any ani mal com muni cati on system. Lin guistics: the scie ntific study of huma n Ian guages. It studies not just one Ian guage of any one society, but the Ian guage of all huma n beings.（判断题） ★注：语言学研究的是所有人类的语言，并不是局限于如英语等某一门语言。 Lan guage is vocal 1） The primary medium for all la nguages is sound. 2） Writ ing systems came into being much later tha n the spoke n forms. Word is the smallest unit that can be used, by itself, as a complete utteranee. 词是能够独立构成一个完整语句的最小单位 考点2 : Design features 语言的定义特征 （分析大题） Desig n features: the disti nctive features of huma n Ian guage that esse ntially make human Ianguage distinguishable from Ianguages of animals. （定义填空题 ） ▲语言的四个Design features 也是区别人类语言好动物语言的特征 A、Arbitrari ness 任意性 There is no logical connection betwee n meanings and soun ds. 语言形式的符号与所表示的意义无天然的联系。 Different sounds are used to refer to the same object in differe nt Ian guages. （语素音义关系的任意性） Arbitrari ness at the syn tactic level: Ian guage is n ot arbitrary at the syn tactic level. (语言在句法层面是非任意性)【判断题】 The link betwee n a lin guistic sig n and its meaning is a matter of conven ti on 语言的形式和意义的连接是约定俗成，即规约性 ★任意性具有两个层面，而非 any level !!!（判断题） Arbitrari nesst Makes Ianguage potentially creative Arbitrari ness convention t Makes Ianguage systematic B、Duality 双重性，二元性 Huma n Ian guage is productive or creative due to duality and recursiven ess( 性）.（填空题） The structural orga ni zati on of Ian guage into two abstract levels: At the lower level (the sec on dary level) : mea nin gful un its At the higher level (the primary level) : meanin gless segme nts Expressi on of duality: Comb ine meanin gless sounds into meanin gful li nguistic un its Comb ine small un its into big un its C、Creativity 创造性 Lan guage is resourc