钻井液固控技术.pptVIP

1. Solids in Drilling Fluids and Particle Size Distribution 钻井液固相及粒度分布 所谓钻井液固相控制,就是指在保存适量有用固相的前 提下,尽可能地清除无用固相。通常将钻井液固相控制 简称为固控( Solids control)。 ① Desirable solids(有用固相),如膨润土、加重材料以 及非水溶性或油溶性的化学处理剂; ② Desirable solids(无用固相),如钻屑、劣质土和砂粒 等。  High- density solids(高密度固相): weighting materials have higher density(usually 4.0 g/cm3) LoW- density solids(低密度固相): bentonite and drilled solids have lower density(usually 2.7 g/cm3) nert solids(惰性固相):sand,silt, limestone, feldspar, and API barite. They do not hydrate or otherwise react with other components of the mud Active solids(活性固相): bentonite  按固相粒度分类 按照美国石油学会(AP制订的标准,钻井液 中的固相可按其粒度大小分为三大类 (1)粘土(或称胶粒):粒径21m; (2)泥:粒径2~73m; (3)砂(或称AP砂):粒径74m  钻井液中固相的粒度分布情况 「类别外观描述粒径范围/m对应目数质量分数% 砂 粗中细 2000 310 08-2 250-2000 60-10 0.4-8.7 74-250 200-60 2.5-152 44-74 355-200 11-198 泥 极细 2-44 56-70 粘土胶粒 5.5-6.5 重晶石 2-74  Particle size distribution of a bentonite in fresh water膨润土粒度分布 9d 0.01 0 Particle diameter. Hm Particle size distribution of a bentonite in fresh water very fine colloidal particles(2 um  Particle size distribution of a barite 重晶石粒度分布 按照我国国家标准和AP标准 钻井液用重晶石粉的200目筛筛 余量均小于3%,即要求至少有 97%的重晶石颗粒的粒径在74Hm 以下。一般认为,绝大多数重晶 石粉颗粒的粒度范围为2-74um (1)小于2m的颗粒约占8%; (2)小于30m的颗粒约占76% Particle size distribution of a barite ·(3)小于40m的颗粒约占83%  Cuttings岩屑 丌(1-)ddD Vs= the cutting volume entering the mud, m3/h p =the average formation porosity, d= the bit diameter, m and dt= the penetration rate of the bit, m/h  Particle size distribution of cuttings 岩屑粒度分布 而钻屑的粒度处于0.05 10000m这样一个极宽的 范围。在小于1m的胶体 颗粒和亚微米颗粒中,膨 润土所占的体积分数明显 dLaavver-alersna, pa 超过钻屑,而在大于5Am Particle size distribution of 的较大颗粒中,则几乎全 a shale in a native mud 部是钻屑的颗粒。  Characteristics Bentonit Barite Drilled Solids Usage Colloidal particl Mud Weighting Useless, harmful Petrographical 2Mineralogical Com-Smectite Barium Sulfite(Ba- Low quality clays, ponents mIn or IcK 3 Chemical Activit Inert less acti