(完整版)初中英语语法—动词的语态讲解.docxVIP

初中英语语法——动词的语态讲解 的 知 梳理：提 挈 ，抓住重点和 点！ 英 有两种 ， 即主 （ The Active Voice ）和被 （ The Passive Voice ）。 主 表示主 是 作的 行者，被 表示主 是 作的承受者，例如： Many people speak English . ( 主 ) English is spoken by many people. ( 被 ) 1、被 的构成 被 由 助 be +及物 的 去分 构成。助 be 有人称、数和 的 化，其 化 与 be 作 系 完全一 。被 的肯定式、否定式及疑 式列表如下： 肯 定 句： 主 + be+ 去分 + （by?） eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss). 否 定 句：主 + be not + 去分 +（ by?） eg. I am not invited to the party (by him). 一般疑 句： Be + 主 + 去分 + （by?）？ eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself? 特殊疑 句： 疑 + be+主 + 去分 + （by?） ？ eg. What is this sweater made of? 以 give 例，其被 的各种 如下： 式 一 般 进 行 完 成 时 现在 Am / is /are + given Am/is/are +being + Have / has +been given +given 过去 Was / were + given Was / were + being Had +been + given + given 将来 Shall/ will + given Shall / will +be + Should /would + be 1 given + given 含情态词的 Can / may /must +be +given 3、被动语态的用法： 1 ）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者， 或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时， 或者 只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 例如： This jacket is made of cotton. English is spoken in many countries in the world. 2） 强调动作的承受者时。如： The boy was saved at last. 这个男孩最后得救了。 3） 主动语态变被动语态的步骤 : 主动句 : The boy broke the window yesterday. 被动句 : The window was broken by the boy yesterday. 步骤一：原句中的宾语 the window 变成主语。 步骤二：谓语动词 broke 改为被动形式： was broken 步骤三：原句中的主语 The boy 放在介词 by 的后面。 步骤四：其他成分如： yesterday 不变。 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态： A. 可有两种被动语态的常用动词有： buy，give ， leave ， lend ， offer ， pay ， teach ， tell ， show，等。 1. He gave me the book just now. The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now. 2. They show the guard their passports at the entrance to the building. The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building. 2 = The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building. B. 通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有 : bring ，do，make，pass，sell ，send， sing ， write ，等。 1. He wrote her a letter. A letter was written to her. My mother made me a skirt. A skirt was made (for me