Lecture4外力地质作用与沉积岩.pdfVIP

Chapter 4 WeatheringWeathering, SoilSoil andand Sedimentary Rocks 外力地质作用与沉积岩 Outline • How are earth materials altered? • SedimentSediment andand sedimentarysedimentary rocksrocks – Types of sedimentary rocks –– SedimentarySedimentary faciesfacies – Reading the story in sedimentary rocks – ImportantImportant resourcesresources inin sedimentarysedimentary rocksrocks Introduction – Weathering 风化作用is the mechanical and chemicalchemical alterationalteration ofof EarthEarth materialsmaterials atat oror nearnear thethe surface – EErosiion 侵蚀作用侵蚀作用iinvollves removiing weaththeredd materials from their place of origin （by running watter or wiindd.）） Delicate arch Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah How Are Earth Materials Altered? • The pproducts of weatheringg include soluble salts水 溶性盐类, ions in solution, and solid particles • TheseThese productsproducts ofof weatheringweathering cancan bebe erodederoded andand become sedimentary rock or modified in place to becomebecome soils.soils. Weathering of Granite How Are Earth Materials Altered? •• WeatheringWeathering andand erosionerosion taketake placeplace atat differentdifferent ratesrates –– ThisThis cancan occuroccur eveneven on the same body of rockrock becausebecause rocksrocks are not compositionallycompositionally andand structurally homogenoushomogenous throughout, thereby producingproducing unevenuneven surfaces. Balanced Rock, Arches National Park, Utah How Are Earth Materials Altered? • Mechanical Weathering 机械风化 – Frost action 冰冻作用 – Pressure release 压力释放