公共课英语一模拟题2020年(305).docVIP

公共课英语一模拟题2020年(305) (总分-20,考试时间60分钟) 阅读理解 Rising wages—together with currency fluctuations and high fuel costs—are eating away the once-formidable China price advantage, prompting thousands of factory owners to flee the Pearl River Delta. Much has been written about the more than doubling of wages at the Shenzhen factory of Foxconn(2317:TT), the worlds largest electronics contract manufacturer, which produces Apple(AAPL)iPhones and iPads and employs 920,000 people in China alone. Foxconns wage increases are only the most dramatic. Our analysis suggests that, since February, minimum wages have climbed more than 20 percent in 20 Chinese regions and up to 30 percent in some, including Sichuan. All this is bad news for companies operating in the worlds manufacturing hub, and chief executives should assume that double-digit annual rises are here to stay. Looked at another way, however, wage inflation provides companies with a once-in-a-generation opportunity to rethink radically the way they approach global production—and they should do so sooner rather than later. Why the urgency? After all, wage hikes in China are nothing new. Since 1990 they have risen by an average of 13 percent a year in U.S. dollar terms and 19 percent annually in the past five years. There are two big reasons the situation is different now. The first has to do with productivity. Over the past 20 years, productivity increases have broadly matched wage increases, negating their impact. The pay rises came from a very low base, so while average wages grew 19 percent a year from 2005 to 2010, this amounted to only $260 a month per employee, a sum that could be offset by more efficient production or switching to cheaper sources of parts and materials. The second reason relates to societal change. Until now, it has been easy to lure a seemingly unlimited number of young, low-wage workers to the richer coastal regions and house them cheaply in dormitories until they saved enoug