ACCAF学习知识点学习总结计划.docxVIP

Chapter1 民法 (civil law) 和刑法（ criminal law ）的划分 Civil law: an form of private law ， used by individuals to assert rights against other individuals Criminal law: an aspect of public law to regulate crimes and to punish offenders Issue Civil Criminal Who Claimant/plaintif Prosecutor/cps/state brings the f 原告 action Burden of Claimant/plaintif Prosecutor/cps/state proof f 原告 Standard Balance of Beyond reasonable of proof probabilities doubt Decisions Liable/not Guilty or not (judge) Aims Compensatory Punitive/to punish Remedies damages Imprisonment/fines 纠正 1. Case law: made by judge/ statute law 成文法 : primary legislation(made by the Parliament)/secondary legislation( in exercise of law-making powers delegated by Parliament). [ 注： Necessity for delegated legislation/secondary legislation :more convenient ;can hand over the task of specifying the law in detail to experts] 2. 在 case law 中:common law 普通法 [created by judges through the application of the principle of judicial precedent. common law drew on customs/equity law 衡 平法 :to resolve disputes where damages are not a suitable remedy and to introduce fairness into the legal system.] 不同法院管辖事件的类型 只受理民事案件 County court 只受理刑事案件 Crown court 民刑通吃 Magistrate ’ s court , high court, court of  appeal, supreme court 只受理一审 County court, magistrate ’ s court 只受理上诉 Court of appeal , supreme court 一审上诉通吃 High court , crown court Chapter2 Chapter2 Doctrine of Precedence( 遵循先例制度的一般规则 ): some decisions made by a court are binding and similar subsequent legal cases should be decided on the basis of the law established in earlier cases. 2. 可 以 创 立 判 例 法 规 则 : Supreme Court/Court of Appeal/High Court; 不 可 以 创 立 :Crown, Magistrates, County Courts cannot create precedent. Elements of judicial decision( 影响法庭判决的因素 ):ration decidendi 判决理由 [the reason for the decision]/Obiter dicta 附带说明 [statement made by the way, not binding, but merely of persuasive authority] 法官又可以因为那些理由拒绝先例 (disregarding judicial precedent): Overrule 取代 [the proced