材料现代研究方法(12-AESXPS).pdfVIP

Auger电子能谱(AES) Auger Electron spectroscopy AES  Auger效应 May 14, 1899 - December 24, 1993 7 or 17 November 1878 - 27 October 1968 The Auger emission process was discovered in 1922 by Lise Meitner, an Austrian physicist, as a side effect in her competitive search for the nuclear beta electrons with the British physicist Charles Drummond Ellis. The French physicist Pierre Victor Auger also discovered it in 1923 upon analysis of a Wilson cloud chamber experi-ment and it became the central part of his PhD work. High energy X-rays were applied to ionize gas particles and observe photoelectric electrons. Observation of electron tracks independent of the frequency of the incident photon suggested a mechanism for electron ionization that was caused from an internal conversion of energy from a radiationless transition. Further inves-tigation and theoretical work showed that the effect was a radiationless effect more than an internal con- version effect by use of elementary quantum mechanics and transition rate and transition probability calculations. AES  Auger效应  1925年Pierre Auger在Welson云室内观察到Auger电 子径迹，并正确地解释了这种电子的来源。  尽管当时人们已经认识到它可以成为一种成分分析 的手段，但直到六十年代中期，随着金属的超高真 空系统和高效的微弱信号电子检测系统的发展，才 出现了可以用于表面分析的实用Auger电子能谱仪。 AES  Auger效应  随着科学技术的不断发展，使Auger电子能谱仪的性 能不断改进，并出现了扫描Auger电子显微术(SAM), 成为微区分析的有力工具。  电子计算机的引入，使 Auger 电子能谱仪的功能更 趋完善。目前， Auger电子 能谱已成为许多科学领域和 工业应用中的最重要的表面 分析手段之一。 AES  Auger效应  Auger过程 Transfer of Ejected core excess energy electron Outer electron Energy fills core level Auger electron source hole emitted AES  Auger效应  Auger过程 原子在X射线、载能电子、离子或中性粒子的照射下