高中英语要考的所有定语从句考点都在这里了.docVIP

概念 定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。 定语从句 “三要素 ” 1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 ①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★ 先行词 还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。 He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which 替代前面所叙述的事情 ) 先行词 关系词：引导定语的词 (1) 关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用） (2) 关系词的分类①标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词：在从句中做 主，宾，表，定 （that/which/who/whom/whose/as ）③关系副词：在从句中作状语 (When/where/why) 定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子 定语从句的分类 1. 限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。 He is a teacher whoworks at our school. 非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用 ( 先行词与定语从句 之间有逗号隔开 ) Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history. 比较： He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons) 定语从句的 10 个难点 1.关系代词的省略 (限定性定语从句 ) 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语 She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. ( 可以省略 whom/that) (2) 关系代词在定语从句中作表语 He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. ( 可以省略 that) 关系代词作介词宾语， 介词在从句句尾时可以省略 Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in. 比较： Housing price is a problem in which people are interested. （此时只能用 which 且不能省略） 2. 先行词是人 (that/who 的区别 ) 用 that 的情况 ①以疑问词 who开头的句子中 Who is the man that  is shouting there?  ②关系代词在从句中作表语时  She is not the girl  that  she used to be. ③先行词被 the very,  the right, the only 修饰 This is  the very person  that  we are looking  for. (2) 用 who的情况 ①先行词是 one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等 Those whowant to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. ②句子中有两个定语从句 , 一个用了 that, 另外 一个用 whoWhois the boy that won the gold medal?③在 there be 结构中 There are many young men whoare against him. ④在非限 定性定语从句当中 Tom, whois my best friend, has gone abroad to study. 3. 先行词是物 (that / which 的区别 ) (1) 用 which 的情况 ①在非限定性定语从句中 She lost the game,  which depressed her greatly.  ②关系词置于介词之后，作 宾语  The pen  with which  you write  is Jack ’s.  ③先行词是 that 或定语从句中套定语从句 , 一个关系词用 that, 另一个用 which.Let meshow you the novel