商务统计-C4商务统计.pdf

Chapter 4 Describing Data: Display ing and Exploring Data GOALS 1.Deve lop and interpret a dot plot. 2.Compute and understand quart iles, dec iles, and percent iles. 3.Construct and interpret box plots. 4.Compute and understand the coeffic ient of skewness. 5.Draw and interpret a scatter d iagram. 6.Construct and interpret a cont ingency table. Dot Plots · A dot plot groups the data as litt le as possible and the ident ity of an ind iv idual observat ion is not lost. · To deve lop a dot plot, each observat ion is simply d isplayed as a dot along a horizontal number line ind icat ing the possible values of the data. Dot Plots · If there are ident ical observat ions or the observat ions are too c lose to be shown ind iv idually, the dots are “piled” on top of each other. · Dot plots are most useful for smaller data sets, whereas histograms tend to be most useful for large data sets. Dot Plots - Examples Reported be low are the number of vehic les so ld in the last 24 months at Sm ith Ford Mercury Jeep, Inc., in Kane, Pennsy lvania, and Brophy Honda Vo lkswagen in Greenv ille, Ohio. Construct dot plots and report summary stat ist ics for the two small-town Auto USA lots. Dot Plots - Examples Dot Plot – M initab Example Other Measures of Dispersion: Quart iles,Dec iles and Percent iles · The standard dev iat ion is the most w ide ly used measure of d ispersion. · A lternat ive ways of describing spread of data inc lude determ ining the locat ion of values that d iv ide a set of observat ions into equal parts. Other Measures of Dispersion: Quart iles,Dec iles and Percent iles · These measures inc lude quart iles, dec iles, and percent iles. Percent ile Computat ion · Let L refer to the locat ion of a desired p percent ile. If we wanted to find the 33rd percent ile we would use L33 and