商务统计-C12商务统计.pdf

Chapter 12 Ana lysis of Variance GOALS 1.List the characterist ics of the F d istribut ion. 2.Conduct a test of hypothesis to determ ine whether the variances of two populat ions are equal. 3.Discuss the general idea of analysis of variance. 4.Organize data into a one-way ANOVA table. 5.Conduct a test of hypothesis among three or more treatment means. GOALS 6.Deve lop confidence intervals for the d ifference in treatment means. Characterist ics of F-Distribut ion 1.There is a “fam ily” of F Distribut ions. Eachmember of the fam ily is determ ined by two parameters: the numerator degrees of freedom and the denom inator degrees of freedom. 2.The F d istribut ion is cont inuous 3.The F d istribut ion cannot be negat ive. 4.The F d istribut ion is posit ive ly skewed. 5.It is asymptot ic. Characterist ics of F-Distribut ion Comparing Two Populat ion Variances The F d istribut ion is used to test the hypothesis that the variance of one normal populat ion equals the variance of another normal populat ion. The fo llow ing examples w ill show the use of the test : • Two Barth shearing machines are set to produce stee l bars of the same length. The bars, therefore, should have the same mean length. We want to ensure that in add it ion to hav ing the same mean length they also have sim ilar variat ion. Comparing Two Populat ion Variances • The mean rate of return on two types of common stock may be the same, but there may be more variat ion in the rate of return in one than the other. A sample of 10 techno logy and 10 ut ility stocks shows the same mean rate of return, but there is like ly more variat ion in the Internet stocks. Comparing Two Populat ion Variances • A study by the market ing department for a large newspaper found that men and women spent about the same amount of t ime per day read ing the paper. However, the s