雅思阅读实验类文章分析.docVIP

雅思阅读实验类文章分析 雅思阅读文章一般可以分为两大类： 介绍类的说明文和论证类的学术论文。 前者 主要是针对一个既定的客观事实进行陈述， 不包含 argument ；后者则是针对一 个悬而未决的问题进行分析论证，继而提出解决方案，其过程一般为提出问题， 分析问题，解决问题。而在具体情况下，这类学术类的文章又可以分为两类：实 验类和逻辑辩论类。 下面，笔者就将结合剑桥雅思真题集中的例子， 重点分析其 中一类 --- 实验类。 剑五 test1passage2 ” nature or nurture ” 段： A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a leader in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform. Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer teacher-subject that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils ability to learn. 段： Milgrams experimental set-up involved placing the teacher-subject before a panel of thirty switches with labels ranging from 15 volts of electricity (slight shock) to 450 volts (danger - severe shock) in steps of 15 volts each. The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer. The supposed pupil was in reality an actor hired by Milgram to simulate receiving the shocks by emitting a spectrum of groans, screams and writings together with an assortment of statements and expletives denouncing both the experiment and the experimenter. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment. 段： As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would deliberately give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond. Many of th