虚拟语气专题(已完成).docVIP

虚拟语气专题 （Subjunctive Mood） 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气： 条件从句 结果主句 与现在事实相反 if + 主语 + were/PT 主语 + would + be/V 与过去事实相反 if + 主语 + had been/PP 主语 + would + have been/PP 对将来进行推测 ① if + 主语 + were/PT 主语 + would + be/V ② if + 主语 + were + INF ③ if + 主语 + should + be/V 注意：“对将来进行推测”中的 ① 和“与现在事实相反”在形式上相同，因此常需要通过语境，或条件从句中时间状语的差别来判断各自所属的类型，不可混淆。 与现在事实相反： If I were a white cloud, I would be the most beautiful one. If he were indoor, he wouldnt feel so cold. If I knew the answer to the questions, I would be a genuis. If I had time, I would go to the movies with you. 与过去事实相反： If the weather had been fine yesterday, he would have been on a train to Beijing. If you had been in my position, what would you have done to settle the dispute? If we hadnt made adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. If I had left sooner last night, I would have caught the last bus. 对将来进行推测: If he were here this evening, we would be wild with joy. If I were to to the work, I would do it in a different way. If she should know it, she would tell me. 结果主句中的 would 常可替换为 should/might/could/must 等，它们的语法功能与 would 相同，不妨将它们视为 would 的“变体”，但它们能够依据语境中的具体情势，更加细致地体现出不同的语气差异。 在虚拟条件从句中，可通过不同形式的 be 动词 (be, were, been) 后接 PresP(现分) 构成进行时态，表示“如果 … 正在 …”等，结果主句中的谓语仍用would，并可根据情况选用适当的时态（包括主从句均使用进行时态）。（Ref.P646） If she were living a hard life, her family should@ be responsible for it. （可将 should 视为 would 的“变体”,用上标“@”表示，文中出现的其它替换词均可依此类推。） If human beings were not killing each other, we would be living a happy life. If you hadnt been studying so hard, you would have failed the exam. 当条件句中有 were/had/should/could 时，可以省略 if，同时将 were/had/should/could 放在主语前，形成倒装结构。（这种用法主要用于书面语中。） Were it necessary, I might@ resign. Had you informed me earlier, I wouldn t have signed the contract. Should I have time, I would call on her. Could you meet Mary, you should@ not be able to recognize her. 虚拟语气中的主句通常是陈述句，但也可以是疑问句、感叹句或祈使句。当条件从句的谓语动词为 should + V 时，主句往往是祈使句。注意，由于祈使句始终使用 V，故和上表所述状况存在差异，对上表是一种补充。（参考本文第 8 条） If you had everything，would y