数值分析题目.docx

Solutions to the 20-questions Suppose that a quadrature formula has the form 1 o f (x)dx ： Aof(O) Af(1) Bq f (0) and its residual isR 二 kf (3)(),匚三(0,1). Determine the constantsAo, Ai, Bo to let the formula have degree of precisi on as high as possible, and find the degree of precisi on and value ofk. Solution: Since the quadrature formula has three unknowns, the formula gives the 2 2 exact results whe n f(x)=1, x, x . Substituti ng f(x)=1, x, x in to the formula respectively, we get the followi ng equati on system forAo, Ai and Bo, Ao A^11 and obta in the soluti on2A Ao A^1 1 and obta in the soluti on 2 Al Bq A0 Ai Bo _ 1 一 3 _ 1 -3 _ 6 3 Substituting f(x)=x into the formula, we find that left-side of the formula =1/4 right-side of the formula =1/3. The two sides are not equal. Therefore the formula has on ly degree of precisi on 2. 3 To find the residual, we substitutef (x)=x in to the followi ng formula and get 1 0 f(x)dx 二 Aof(O) Af(1) Bq f (0) kf(3)() -172 -1 72 When f(x)=x , f (3)(x) =6 and the above formula becomes 6k . Sok 4 3 f(3) f(3)( ), (0,1). The residual is thenR 二- 72 1 Use the trapezoid and the Simps on rules to approximate the in tegral ° exdx, and compare the approximati ons with the exact value. 1.Qe 1 .Qexdx 賂丄『(e1 +eo) and using the Simps on rule, we have 1 exdx 1 0 (e0 4 e2 e1) 0 6 1-0 1 0 1 (e1 e0) ： — 3.718 =1.859 ：1 ：1 10.31317 =1.71886 6 J X x 1 d Compared with the exact value °edx 二 e |q = 1.7182818 , the trapezoid approximati on has 1 digit of sig nifica nt, and Simps on rule has 4. Suppose using the composite trapezoid rule to approximate [ exdx, how many sub in tervals should be divided in order to obtai n an approximatio n to five _5 significant digits (i.e. 10 ) ? and what is the result if using the composite 2 Simps on rule ? x Solution: Letf(x)二 e , then f (x) -ex,f ⑷(x) =ex Since b - a = 1, the rema in der of the composite trapezoid rule is Rn(x) Rn(x)二 12 1 1 1 ⑺兰存n)2e^。」 2 e 5 So n 10「n _212.85「n =213. Therefore 213subintervals