非谓语动词讲解(3).docxVIP

. 非谓语动词语法讲解 一、非谓语动词的概念 动词的基本用法是作谓语。 当句中已经有了谓语动词了， 要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。 非谓语形式有三种： 1、动词不定式： to do 2、动词的 ing : doing 3、 动词的过去分词： done ★不定式：表示目的和将来； 动词的 ing：表示主动和进行； 过去分词：表示被动和完成。 二、非谓语动词的时态和语态 一般式 完成式 进行式 不定式 主动 to do to have done to be doing 被动 to be done to have been done ing 形式 主动 doing having done 被动 being done having been done 过去分词 被动 done 三．非谓语动词的句法功能： （一）动词不定式： to+do 1．不定式的否定式： not + to do （1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生 Im glad to meet you. He seems to know a lot. （2）进行式：不定式的动作正在发生 The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. （3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前 I regretted to have told a lie. . . I happened to have seen the film. 2．不定式的句法功能： （1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. ★动词不定式短语作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. （2）作表语： Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. （3）作宾语： 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有： want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer 。 ★it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置 Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. （4）作宾语补足语： With a lot of work to do, he didnt go to the cinema ． 有些动词如 make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have 等与不带有 to 的不定式连用，但改为 被动语态时，不定式要加 to I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road. （5）作定语： 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。 I have a meeting to attend. He found a good house to live in. （6）作状语： ①表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. . . ②表结果： He arrived late to find the train gone. 常用 only 放在不定式前表示强调： I visited him only to find him out. ③表原因： They were very sad to hear the news. 7）作独立成分： to tell you the truth, to be honest, generally speaking To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked. （二） Ving 1．否定式： not + Ving （1）一般式： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 （2）被动式： He came to the party without being invited ．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。 （3）完成式： We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 （4）完成被动式： He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when