高分子物理：第三章 高分子溶液.pdf

第三章 高分子溶液 3.1 高分子的溶解性判据 3.2 高分子溶液的热力学-Flory-Huggins理论 3.3 稀溶液的热力学性质和高分子构象 3.4 亚浓溶液的热力学性质和高分子构象 3.5 高分子凝胶的热力学 3.6 聚电解质溶液 3.7 高分子溶液的流体力学性质 0 Chapt. 3 Polymer Solutions  The solution process (linear Polymer) Swelled Sample Polymer Solution  This process is usually slower compared with small molecules, and strongly dependent on the chemical structures and condensed states of the samples. 先溶胀，后溶解 1 Crosslinked polymers: only can be swelled 有溶胀，无溶解 2 Crystalline polymers Crystalline PE: dissolve at the temperature approached to its melting temperature. Crystalline Nylon 6,6: dissolved at room temperature by using the solvent with strong hydrogen bonds. 先熔融，后溶解 3 3.1 Criteria (判据) of Polymer Solubility  Gibbs free energy of mixing DGmix  DHmix  T DSmix  Solubility occurs only when the D Gmix is negative. DS  0 mix Entropy of mixing for ideal solution DS i  k  N ln X  N ln X   0 mix 1 1 2 2 DH ??? mix 4 1. Hildebrand enthalpy of mixing (混合焓) 1-1 + 2-2 1-2 + 1-2 1: solvent; 2: polymer  DE DE DE DE  (DE/v) cohesive energy density DHmix   1  2  2 1 2  P12  v v v v