世界上的14个生态村.docxVIP

世界上的 14 个生态村 武夷山美国华盛顿大学政治学和环境学教授 Karen Litfin 女士 2013 年底在美国 Polity 出版社出了一本书，题为 Ecovillages ：Lessons For Sustainable Community（生态村： 可 持续发展社区的经验教训） 。作者采访了世界各国的 14 个生 态村，写成此书。我发现，这些生态村的规模总起来说都很 小，故对于人口密集的中国没有直接借鉴价值，但这样的探 索极其可贵，因为人类的未来也许就系于这样的探索。 下面，我将各生态村介绍中的人口数（或相关事实）择译出 来，可见其规模较小。  1. 印度的  Auroville  。这里居住着来自 43 个国家的 2000 多人。 Auroville is first and foremost an international township with a spiritual objective — to embody the ideal of human unity —and its ecological work comes as a consequence. Auroville overarching vision is grounded in the Integral Yoga of Sri Aurobindo, which understands biophysical reality as an evolutionary unfoldment of Spirit. Founded in 1968 upon a severely eroded plateau in south India, the first order of business for the pioneers was to revitalize the land. Three million trees later, Auroville is home to over 2,000 people from 43 different countries and is one of the few places  ’ s on Earth where biodiversity is actually increasing.2. 西非的 Colufifa 。Colufifa 是法文“消灭饥饿委员会” 的缩写。 Colufifa 并不是一个生态村，而是 350 个西非村庄构成的网络，以塞 内加尔为中心。这些村庄都从事有机农业。 Colufifa, a French acronym for the Committee to End Hunger (Comit éde lutte pour la Fin de la Faim), is not really an ecovillage. Rather, it is a Senegal-based network of 350 West African villages seeking to become self-sufficient through the following efforts: organic farming microfinance adult literacy malaria prevention Colufifa ’ s work, as in much of the developing world, is not to build new villages but to make the existing ones sustainable. 澳大利亚的 Crystal Waters 永续耕作（有人译为“朴门农艺”）村。居民约 200 人。 In 1984, when Crystal Waters Permaculture Village was founded in northeastern Australia, it was the world ’ s first permaculture village. Some 200 residents now live on 85 private one-acre lots, with another 500-some acres held in common as a wildlife sanctuary. As a consequence, kangaroos and wallabies are a common sight along the road. In a region plagued by extreme drought, Crystal Waters stands out as a s