2021年雅思阅读考题回顾资料.doc

TIME \@ yyyy年M月d日 2020年5月14日 2021年雅思阅读考题回顾资料 2月16日雅思阅读考题回顾 起源：朗阁培训中心　　编辑：xm　　公布日期:-02-21 摘要：厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了2月16日雅思阅读考题回顾和备考提议。 考试日期： 2月16日 Reading Passage 1 Title: 新手，熟练工和教授 Question types: 判定True/False/Not Given; 填空 文章内容回顾 第一篇是说一个“novice”怎么成为一个“expert”, 而且举例说明二者在看待及处理问题上差异。还讲述对expertise掌握程度研究，从novice到journeyman然后蜕变到expert过程。另外也提到了部分researchers和theorists, they are better in making predictions than experts. 旧文P1=V070908 英文原文阅读 Expertise research shows quite ambiguous results on the abilities of experts in judgment and decision making (JDM) classic models cannot account for. This problem becomes even more accentuated if different levels of expertise are considered. We argue that parallel constraint satisfaction models (PCS) might be a useful base to understand the processes underlying expert JDM and the hitherto existing, differentiated results from expertise research. It is outlined how expertise might influence model parameters and mental representations according to PCS. It is discussed how this differential impact of expertise on model parameters relates to empirical results showing quite different courses in the development of expertise; allowing, for example, to predict under which conditions intermediates might outperform experts. Methodological requirements for testing the proposed unifying theory under complex real-world conditions are discussed. In support one theory, a study demonstrates that entrepreneurial experts frame decisions using an “effectual” logic (identify more potential markets, focus more on building the venture as a whole, pay less attention to predictive information, worry more about making do with resources on hand to invest only what they could afford to lose, and emphasize stitching together networks of partnerships); while novices use a “predictive frame” and tend to “go by the textbook.” We asked 27 expert entrepreneurs and 37 MBA students to think aloud continuously as they solved typical decision-making problems in creating a ne