地下水专业术语.docx

Ground water Term absorption coefficient 吸附系数 A measure of the amount of radiant energy, incident normal to a planar surface, that is absorbed per unit distance or unit mass of a substance. accumulation (glacial) 堆积 All processes, which include snowfall, condensatioiL avalanching, snow transport by wind, and freezing of liquid water, that add snow or ice to a glacier, floating ice, or snow cover. The term also includes the amount of snow or other solid precipitation added to a glacier or snowfield by these processes? acid rain 酸雨 the acidic rainfall which results when rain combines with sulfur oxides emissions from combustion of fossil fuels. acidity profile 酸度剖面 The acid concentration in ice core layers as a function of depth as determined from electrical ineasurements? The magnitudes of some volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere have been estimated from the acidity of annual layers in ice cores taken in Greenland. This methodology is sometimes referred to as acidity signal or acidity record. adhesion 内聚力 the molecular attraction asserted between the surfaces of bodies in contact. Compare cohesion adsorption 吸附 the adhesion of a substance to the surface of a solid or liquid. Adsorption is often used to extract pollutants by causing them to be attached to such adsorbents as activated carbon or silica gel. Hydrophobic, or water-repulsing adsorbents, are used to extract oil from waterways in oil spills? advance time [irrigation] 行进时间 Time required for a given stream of irrigation water to move from the upper end of a field to the lower end of the field. advection 水平对流 The predominately horizontal lai'ge-scale movement of air that causes changes in temperature or other physical properties. In oceanography, advection is the horizontal or vertical flow of sea water as a current. aeration 曝气 the mixing or turbulent exposure of water to air and oxgen to dissipate volatile contaminants and other pollutants into the air. aeration zone 包气带 (also known as the unsaturat