瓦格纳的圣诞诺言.docxVIP

瓦格纳的圣诞诺言 理查德·瓦格纳（Richard Wagner），1813～1883，德国著名作曲家、指挥家。主要作品有：歌剧《尼伯龙根的指环》、《帕西法尔》等11部，9首序曲、1部交响乐、4部钢琴奏鸣曲及大量合唱曲、艺术歌曲等，著作《艺术与革命》、《歌剧与戏剧》等。 On Christmas Eve， 1870， Richard Wagner and his wife， Cosima， had agreed not to give each other Christmas presents. They were simply too poor. But Wagner was planning a surprise gift. 1870年的平安夜，理查德·瓦格纳和他的妻子柯西玛说好了不互送对方礼物——他们实在是太穷了。但瓦格纳还是计划准备一份惊喜礼物。 For more than two months he had been crafting a piece of music to be performed outside Cosima’s bedroom door on Christmas morning. He had based it on themes1 later to be used in his opera Siegfried， plu