不同施肥水平对金丝枣生长和品质的影响.docxVIP

不同施肥水平对金丝枣生长和品质的影响 Abstract In order to study the effects of different fertilization rates on the growth effects of jujube trees and provide a basis for rational fertilization of golden jujube trees in Chaoyang district， Liaoning Province， this paper studied the effects of different fertilization levels on soil in the jujube garden， leaf SPAD value， single fruit weight， fruit horizontal and vertical diameter， fruit hardness and other qualities of 2-year old jujube by adopted field test methods. The results showed that the application of fertilizer could increase the content of available nutrients needed by plants in soil to a certain extent and improve the level of soil nutrients. Appropriate levels of nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium fertilization could increase the horizontal and vertical diameters and soluble solids content of fruits， reduce the organic acid content of fruits， and increase the SPAD value of leaves. When the fertilizer amount was nitrogen 110 g per plant， phosphorus 100 g per plant and potassium 60 g per plant， the fruit diameter of jujube was the largest， the soluble solids content was the highest， and the single fruit weight was the largest. In summary， rational application of N， P and K fertilizer could improve the fertilizer utilization rate， increase soil nutrient content and improve jujube fruit quality. Key words jujube; fertilization level; fruit quality; SPAD value 枣树种植为近年来辽宁朝阳地区发展起来的一项主导产业，既可以保持水土又可以提高农民经济效益。氮、磷、钾在果园土壤中起关键性作用，是影响果树生长发育的三大营养元素，在合理管理的前提下，适量施肥能改善土壤肥力、影响土壤微生物活性，最终实现果树的优质、高产。但土壤中过低或过高的施肥量，都可能造成肥料利用率低、果树营养生长失调，最终会导致果实品质恶化、产量下降，经济效益降低。目前，一些学者专家更多关注的是枣树栽培、管理技术方面的研究，研究已较为系统和规范[2-5]。本研究以金丝枣为研究对象，开展不同施肥水平试验研究，探讨不同施肥水平对金丝枣生长和品质的影响，旨在为朝阳地区枣树合理施肥提供参考。 1 材料与方法 1.1 试验地概况 试验设在辽宁省旱地农林研究所基地枣园。供试土壤（0～20 cm土层）的基本理化性质为碱解氮51 mg/kg、有效磷62.5 mg/kg、速效钾106 mg/kg、有机质11.8 g/kg、pH值7.98，田间基肥施用情况为纯N 110 g/株、P2O5 100 g/株、K2O 88 g/株。 1.2 试验材料 供试材料为二年生金丝枣树，株行距为0.75 m×2.00 m，南北行向。供试肥料为尿素、过磷酸钙、硫酸钾。 1.3 试验设计 试验