3科技英语写作.pptVIP

* * 3.概述实验程序、方法和主要结果时，通常用现在时，例如： We describe a new molecular approach to analyzing the genetic diversity of complex microbial populations. [Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1993, 59(3):695-700] * 4. 叙述结论或建议时，可使用现在时、臆测动词或may, should, could等助动词。例如： We suggest that climate instability in the early part of the last interglacial may have delayed the melting of the Saalean ice sheets in America and Eurasia, perhaps accounting for this discrepancy. [Nature, 1993, 364(6434): 218-220] * 摘要写作的人称和语态 有相当数量的作者和审稿人认为，科技论文的撰写应使用第三人称、过去时和被动语态。但调查表明，科技论文中被动语态的使用在1920-1970年曾经比较流行，但由于主动语态的表达更为准确，且更易阅读，因而目前大多数期刊都提倡使用主动语态。国际知名科技期刊Nature，Cell等尤其如此，其中第一人称和主动语态的使用十分普遍。 * Practice * 1 基于动网格的火炮制退机内部流场数值模拟 摘要：建立了基于动网格的制退机实际结构二维计算模型。对火炮后坐过程制退机内二维流动进行了数值模拟。采用动态层变方法结合Profile运动边界驱动机制实现网格区域运动，确保模型符合实际运动规律。对比计算压力与实际压力，结果表明该方法具有较高精度，模拟结果显示了制退机内压力、速度分布，揭示了典型机构处漩涡的生成、运动、合并与分裂规律。研究结果为进一步完善制退机结构设计提供了理论支持。 Numerical Simulation of Flow Field in Gun Recoil Brake Based on Dynamic Mesh Method Abstract: The two-dimensional model of flow field calculation is proposed based on dynamic mesh and numerical simulation of flow field in gun recoil brake is carried out. Dynamic layering method combined with Profile driven mechanism is applied in mesh zone movement, the model can reflect the real structure of gun recoil brake and its interior flow characteristics. Comparing the calculated pressure with the actual, the results indicate this method has high accuracy. The pressure and velocity distribution in gun recoil brake and the instantaneous changes of interior flow field are obtained by the numerical simulation. And the generation, movement, coalition and cleavage rules of spiral vortex in typical structure are shown. The results can give theoretical support to the design of gun recoil brake structure. 针对火炮制退机流场一维计算模型无法全面、准确反映其内部流场特征的局限，建立了基于动网格的制退机实际结构二维计算模型。利用流体计算软件Fluent，对火炮后坐过程制退机内二维流动进行了数值模拟。采用动态层变方法结合Profile运动边界驱动机制实现网格区域运动，以确保模型符合实际运动规律。对比计算压力与实际压力，结果表明该方法具有较高精度，模拟结果显示了制退机内压力、速度分布，并清晰地捕捉到其内部流场的瞬时变化，