城乡基础教育公共服务均等化问题的探究.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 14 摘 要 教育是中国发展进步的根本。实现基础教育的健康稳定发展有助于打好培育祖国栋梁之才的根基，对于全面推进小康社会的建设，科教兴国战略的实施具有根本的意义。民族的未来系于教育，建国以来，在一代又一代人的不断努力下，历经几十年的基本公共服务建设已经取得了阶段性的重大成就，从基础教育的基本普及到教育质量的不断改进，我国的基础教育需求已经实现了由量到质的转变。然而，在长久以来形成的城乡二元体制结构，户籍制度等问题的影响下，城乡基础教育仍然存在着经费投入，硬件设施，师资力量等方面的不均衡，同时，城乡居民对于基础教育主观层面的认知和重视程度存在差异，都需要结合地区间的实际情况，采取相关可行的宏观以及微观的政策，逐步加以改善。文章第一部分介绍了什么是基础教育和均等化，并介绍了马斯格雷夫，罗尔斯和萨缪尔森等人的公平观，发展观，公共产品理论等。第二部分研究了我国当前城乡基础教育的非均等化现状，当前我国教育经费总体投入不足，城乡经费的投入，支出，教师质量差距显著，而各级政府权责不明加大了教育均等化的难度。第三部分分析了国外对于促进城乡教育资源均等化的资源配置方法，第四部分提出了笔者的建议：首先应当继续加大财政性教育经费投入，以一般性转移支付和专项转移支付，横向转移支付与纵向转移支付相结合完善现有的转移支付制度，制定对乡村教师的激励机制，并做出各级政府权利和责任的划分。 关键词：基本公共服务；均等化；基础教育 Abstract Education is the foundation of Chinas development and progress. The realization of the healthy and stable development of the basic education will help lay a good foundation for nurturing the talents of the motherland, and is of fundamental significance to the overall promotion of the Xiaokang and the implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. The future of the nation depends on education. With the continuous efforts of generations after generations since the founding of the Peoples Republic, after decades of basic public service construction, major achievements have been made in stages, from the basic popularization of basic education to the continuous improvement of the quality of education, Chinas basic education demand has realized the transformation from quantity to quality. However, under the influence of the long-established dual structure of urban and rural areas, the household registration system, and other problems, there still exists an imbalance between urban and rural basic education in terms of funding, hardware facilities, teachers, etc. , urban and rural residents of the subjective level of awareness and attention to the basic education exist differences, need to take into account the actual situation between regions, the relevant macro and micro policies, and gradually improve. The fi