高考英语-专题检测卷(十六)-阅读理解.docxVIP

精品文档 精品文档 - - PAGE #-欢迎下载 专题检测卷（十六） 阅读理解 （建议用时：25分钟） A 体裁 议论文 话题 性格和行为 的成因 词数 369 （2013潍坊模拟） People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and ano ther is competitive. Social scie ntists are, of course, extremely in terested in these types of questi on. They want to explain why we possess certa in characteristics and exhibit certa in behaviors. There are no clear an swers yet, but two disti net schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The argume nt is ofte n convenien tly referred to as n ature vs. n urture. Those who support the nature side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patter ns are largely determ ined by biological and gen etic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined（注定）to such a great degree that we are almost completely gover ned by our in sti ncts（ 本能）. Proponents of the nurture theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our en viro nment is more importa nt tha n our biologically based in st incts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundin gs. Their view of the huma n being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli（something that helps sb. /sth. to develop better and more quickly）as the basis of their behavior. The social and political connections of these two theories are significant. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some nature pr