ch21 Molecules in motion Basic Kinetic Theory Atkins Physical Chemistry 南阿拉巴马大学.pptVIP

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ch21 Molecules in motion Basic Kinetic Theory Atkins Physical Chemistry 南阿拉巴马大学.ppt

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Chapter 21: Molecules in Motion Basic Kinetic Theory Homework: Exercises (a only) : 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 Kinetic Model of Gases ? Motion in gases can be modeled assuming ? Ideal gas ? Only contribution to energy of gas is the kinetic energy of the molecules (kinetic model) ? Basic Assumptions of Kinetic Model: 1. Gas consists of molecules of mass, m, in random motion 2. Diameter of molecule is much smaller than average distance between collisions Size negligible 3. Interaction between molecules is only through elastic collisions Elastic collision - total kinetic energy conserved Pressure and Molecular Speed ? Bernoullis Derivation* - ? Assumptions Collection of N molecule, behaving as rigid spheres Random velocities in volume, V Consider movement in x direction (normal to a wall) ? Heading toward wall is positive x ? Fraction with velocity u + du specified by density function , f(u), where ? dN(u)/N = f(u) du ? f(u) probability velocity between u ? u +du ? No need to define this function further at this point z y x p = +mu udt p = -mu Wall Area = A f(u)du ?? ?? ? ? 1 *slightly different approach than book Pressure and Molecular Speed ? Bernoullis Derivation - ? Kinematics In time dt, only molecules striking wall are those with positive velocity (u0) between u and u+du ? Assumes initial distance ≤ udt # of Molecules striking wall during dt are those within volume V=Audt at t= 0 with right velocity N/V(f(u)du)) is N/Vf(u) Audt du Momentum change with each collision is D p= mu - (-mu) = 2mu. Incremental momentum change is: z y x p = +mu udt p = -mu Wall Area = A d p ? change in p particle ? # of particles d p ? 2mu N V f(u)Au du dt d p ? 2mu 2 N V f(u)Adu dt Pressure and Molecular Speed ? Bernoullis Derivation - ? Pressure (P) = force/area, so ? Integrating over all + velocities since only they contribute to pressure on wall z y x p = +mu udt p = -mu Wall Area = A dP ? dp dt A ? 2mu 2 N V f(u)Adu A dP ? 2mu 2 V N f(u)du P ? 2mu 2 N V f(u)du