ANSYS 12.0 官方培训手册-Introduction to CFX- (2).ppt

* * Point out that the governing equations for turbulence are well-known and are the non-linear, unsteady three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. Useful to think of the instantaneous velocity in terms of a mean velocity with random fluctuations superimposed. Not only are there fluctuations in velocity but also in pressure, temperature, and scalar variables. The ability to predict the enhanced mixing resulting from turbulence is important in a large number of applications. That first thing to consider is whether or not you need to consider turbulence modeling at all. Basically, the types of flows can be classified as either external, internal, or natural convection, The criteria for transition to turbulent flow is different depending on the type of flow you are considering. For external/internal flows common criteria are based on Reynolds number where the length scale varies depending on the flow. For flows along a surface, the Reynolds number is based on the distance along the surface. For flows about some object the Reynolds number is based on the diameter of the obstruction. Internal flows have the Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter. These criteria are not steadfast and can be affected by the other factors listed. Flows involving natural convection have been observed to transition from laminar to turbulent flow over a range of Rayleigh numbers. * * * * * --For subdomain models (heat source, sink) --For rotating/stationary regions --To take advantages of other meshing approaches, eg. Hex or swept mesh in long/thin regions When a direct computation of the dependent variables can be made in terms of known quantities, the computation is said to be explicit. In contrast, when the dependent variables are defined by coupled sets of equations, and either a matrix or iterative technique is needed to obtain the solution, the numerical method is said to be implicit. the iteration steps usually do not correspond to a realistic time-dependent b