句子成分分析讲义.pdfVIP

句子成分分析讲义 句子成分的定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分 ：主语和谓语 次要成分 ：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 分析下面句子的句子成分： I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. （一）主语 主语：句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano. 名词 She went out in a hurry. 代词 Four plus four is eight. 数词 To see is to believe. 不定式 Smoking is bad for health. 动名词 The young should respect the old. 名词化的形容词 What he has said is true. 句子 练习：找出句中主语 1.The sun rises in the east. 2.Twenty years is a short time in history. 3.The poor are now living in the shelter. 4.Seeing is believing. 5.To see is to believe. 6.He likes dancing. 7.What he needs is a book. 8.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （二）谓语 谓语：说明主语的动作、状态和特征 一、简单谓语 : 由动词或成语动词组成。凡是由一个动词构成谓语的，不管是什么状态、语 态、语气，都属于简单谓语。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans. She will be leaving for Hong Kong on April 3rd. He has been designing a new plane model. 二、复合谓语 1：由情态动词或助动词 +动词构成 He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing 2： 系动词 +表语构成 The prospects looked excellent. It sounds a good idea. His hair turned grey in a few weeks. She is growing restless. 易误用作及物动词的几个不及物动词： 误： deal a problem 正： deal with a problem 处理问题 误： depend sb. 正： depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人 误： insist doing sth. 正： insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事 误： knock the door 正： knock on [at] the door 敲门 误： operate sb. 正： operate on sb. 为某人做手术 误： participate sth. 正： participate in sth. 参加某事 误： refer sth.