2021年公共英语五级考试填空模拟试题及答案.docVIP

2021年公共英语五级考试填空模拟试题及答案（7） 　　Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. 　　Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 　　Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards，from(31) ___praise to cold cash，affect motivation and creativity.Behaviorists，(32) ___research the relation(33) ___actions and their consequences argue that rewards Can improve performance at work and school.Cognitive researchers，who study various aspects of mental life，maintain(34) ___rewards often destroy creativity(35) ___encouraging dependence(36) ___approval and gifts from others. 　　The latter view has gained many supporters，especially(37) ___educators.But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks(38) ___in grade-school children，suggesting(39) ___properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness，(40) ___to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychol-ogy. 　　“If kids know they’re working for a(41) ___and can focus(42)——a relatively challenging task，they show the most creativity”，says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark.“But it’S easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for(43) ___performance or creating too (44) ___anticipation for re—wards.” 　　A teacher(45) ___continually draws attention to rewards or who hands(46) ___high grades for ordinary achievement ends up(47) ___ddiscouraged students，Eisenberger holds.(48) ___an example of the latter point，he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing(49) ___.In earlier grades，the use of so—called token economies，in(50) ___students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards，shows promise in raising effort and creativity，the Dela—ware psychologist claims. 　　答案及解析 　　参考译文 　　对于像热情的赞扬及冰冷的现金等外部奖励怎样影响人的动力和创造力，心理学家们有不同的观点。研究行为和结果的行为学家说奖励可以改善工作和学习的表现。而研究精神生活的认知研究者们则坚持奖励经常会助长人们依赖他人的认可和礼物而毁掉创造力。 　　后一种观点得到了很多支持者，尤其是教育者们。但是，谨慎地使用小额的金钱作为奖励会激起分级学校里孩子们的创造力，恰当的刺激物确实有助于增强创造力，这是根据《个